Implicit in all of this productivity of the text are the ‘political intertextuality’ (Nancy K. Miller, Susan Stanford Friedman, 1991) of both the reader and the writer. Miller’s feminist critical positioning refuses the anonymity of the author proposed by Barthes and Kristeva, and reveals a subjectivity in the act of writing, a political intertextuality or positionality in relation to dominant ideologies. Friedman argues for an extension of its application to all writers regardless of gender, race or social background, and this informs how I understand both my own operative position and that of the viewer-reader.20 20. ‘… I want to argue, for reading the political in the textual and the intertextual not only in women’s writing, but also in men’s writing; not only in white writing, but also in the writing of people of colour…’ (Friedman, 1991: 159)